A verb is a word that expresses an action or state of something.
 
e.g., write, eat, drink, buy, go, come, laugh, play, catch, wash, speak, sleep, etc.
      
Example.

• He is eating an apple.

In this sentence, the word eat is a verb. It describes an action performed by the subject (he). A verb conveys either an action. For example, the verb eat means the process of chewing and swallowing food.

Most verbs express an action, but some describe a state of something. Based on whether they express an action or state of something, the verbs are divided into following two types:

• Dynamic Verbs
• Stative Verbs

Dynamic Verbs: A verb that expresses an action is called a dynamic verb, e.g., go, write, eat, wash, buy.

Examples.

• He is going to school.               .
• They are playing football.        
• She writes a story.                   
• He broke a cup.                      

Stative Verbs: A stative verb expresses a state of being, condition, or situation rather than an action.e.g. seem, resemble, consists of, belong to, impress, surprise, etc.

Examples.

• He seems a nice man.               (expresses a state).
• She resembles her sister.          (expresses a state).
• She belongs to a noble family.  (expresses a state).

Verbs with Dual Usage: Some verbs can function both as dynamic and stative verbs, depending on context.

Example.

• He looks handsome.     (‘look’ used as a stative verb).
• He looked at the door.  (‘look’ used as a dynamic verb).
  

Every verb has three major forms:

1. Base Form        (1st form)
2. Past Simple       (2nd form)
3. Past Particle      (3rd form)

Examples.

Base Form	Past Simple	Past Participle
Write	Wrote	Written
See	Saw	Seen

Adding ‘-ing’ to the base form of a verb creates the present participle,.e.g., go → going, sleep → sleeping, play → playing, do → doing

The present participle is sometimes referred to as the 4th form of a verb and is primarily used in continuous tenses.

Verbs are divided into two types based on the formation of their 2nd and 3rd forms:

1. Regular Verbs
2. Irregular Verbs

A verb that forms its past simple and past participle by adding -ed to the base form is called a regular verb.

Base Form	Past Simple	Past Participle
Ask	Asked	Asked
Open	Opened	Opened
Use	Used	Used
Start	Started	Started
Look	Looked	Looked
Allow	Allowed	Allowed
Need	Needed	Needed
Help	Helped	Helped
Try	Tried	Tried
Pull	Pulled	Pulled

A verb that forms its past simple and past participle in ways other than adding -ed is called an irregular verb.

Base Form	Past Simple	Past Participle
See	Saw	Seen
Eat	Ate	Eaten
Write	Wrote	Written
Drink	Drank	Drunk
Send	Sent	Sent
Sleep	Slept	Slept
Find	Found	Found
Buy	Bought	Bought
Teach	Taught	Taught
Do	Did	Did
Fly	Flew	Flown

Some verbs remain the same in all three forms:

Base Form	Past Simple	Past Participle
Put	Put	Put
Shut	Shut	Shut
Cut	Cut	Cut
Spread	Spread	Spread
Read	Read	Read